Allergic Rhinitis

Overview

Allergic rhinitis, commonly referred to as hay fever, is a widespread allergic reaction that mainly affects the nose. It is characterized by an overactive immune response to airborne allergens, such as pollen, mold, animal dander, and dust mites. These allergens, typically harmless to many people, trigger a series of reactions in those with allergic rhinitis that lead to inflammation of the nasal passages, producing a range of bothersome symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms

The hallmark signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:

• Nasal congestion or stuffiness
• Runny nose with clear, watery discharge
• Sneezing, often in rapid succession
• Itchy nose, eyes, or roof of the mouth
• Red, watery, and swollen eyes
• A postnasal drip, which may lead to a sore throat or cough
• Fatigue and irritability due to disrupted sleep
• Some individuals might also experience accompanying symptoms like headaches, reduced sense of smell, and earaches

Causes

Allergic rhinitis results from an immunological misinterpretation. When a sensitive person inhales an allergen, their immune system identifies it as a threat, even though it's typically harmless. In response, the body produces immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When these antibodies detect the allergen, they prompt certain cells to release histamines and other chemicals, causing the classic allergy symptoms. Common triggers include:

• Tree, grass, and weed pollen
• Dust mites
• Animal dander, especially from cats and dogs
• Mold spores
• Cockroach waste
• Certain chemicals and perfumes

Diagnosis & Classification

Diagnosing allergic rhinitis often begins with a comprehensive medical history and physical examination. A physician might inquire about the frequency and timing of symptoms, potential triggers, and any family history of allergies. To confirm the diagnosis and identify specific allergens, skin prick tests or blood tests measuring IgE levels might be performed. Based on the frequency and duration of symptoms, allergic rhinitis can be classified into:

• Intermittent Allergic Rhinitis: Symptoms occur less than four days a week or for less than four weeks.
• Persistent Allergic Rhinitis: Symptoms occur more than four days a week and for more than four weeks.

Prevention

Prevention remains the most effective strategy for managing allergic rhinitis. This involves minimizing or avoiding exposure to known allergens. Recommendations include:

• Staying indoors during peak pollen times
• Using air purifiers and dehumidifiers to reduce indoor allergens
• Regularly cleaning and vacuuming to reduce dust mites and pet dander
• Using allergen-proof beddings
• Showering after outdoor activities to remove pollen from skin and hair
• Avoiding exposure to smoke, strong perfumes, and other potential irritants

Treatment

While complete avoidance of allergens is ideal, it's not always practical. When symptoms do occur, various treatments are available:

• Antihistamines: These are drugs that counteract the effects of histamine, providing relief from itching, sneezing, and runny nose.
• Nasal corticosteroids: These sprays help reduce nasal inflammation and symptoms of congestion, runny nose, and sneezing.
• Decongestants: Available as pills or nasal sprays, they provide temporary relief from nasal stuffiness.
• Leukotriene modifiers: These drugs block the action of certain immune system chemicals, reducing allergy symptoms.
• Immunotherapy: Allergy shots or under-the-tongue tablets can help desensitize the immune system to specific allergens over time.
• Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any medication. Over-the-counter treatments can interact with other medications or have side effects, and prolonged use of certain medications, like nasal decongestants, can exacerbate symptoms.

Comprehensive Support: Your Recovery Process Towards Relief from Allergic Rhinitis

Your pathway towards relief from allergic rhinitis is consistently supported by MMC’s team. From the initial assessments, management plan development, to continual follow-ups, our team ensures you are perpetually supported. Engage in discussions about your challenges, adjustments to your management strategies, and explore additional resources to facilitate an uncompromised lifestyle, even with allergic rhinitis. Your recovery process is our priority, and through comprehensive support, we navigate towards relief and improved well-being together.