Chronic heart failure (CHF)

Overview

Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is a significant health concern affecting a substantial number of individuals in the Middle East, including here in Dubai. At the Dubai Internal Medicine Clinic at MMC, we recognize the unique health dynamics of this region, where lifestyle factors and genetic predispositions can contribute to CHF. Our commitment is to provide comprehensive care that not only manages symptoms but also empowers individuals to lead heart-healthy lives.

Signs and Symptoms

CHF presents a range of symptoms that can vary in severity and impact an individual's quality of life:

• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or when lying flat.
• Fatigue and weakness.
• Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet (edema).
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat.
• Persistent cough or wheezing.
• Increased need to urinate, especially at night.

Causes

Understanding the factors contributing to CHF in the Middle East, particularly in bustling cities like Dubai, is essential:

• Cardiovascular Risk Factors: High blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity are common risk factors that can lead to heart failure.
• Lifestyle Habits: Unhealthy dietary choices, lack of physical activity, and smoking can contribute to heart disease.
• Genetic Predisposition: Some individuals may have a genetic tendency toward heart conditions.
• Infections: Certain infections, if left untreated, can affect the heart and lead to CHF.

Diagnosis & Classification

At the Dubai Internal Medicine Clinic at MMC, we follow a systematic approach to diagnose and classify CHF:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: Understanding an individual's symptoms, risk factors, and overall health is essential.
• Imaging Tests: Echocardiograms and other imaging tests can assess the structure and function of the heart.
• Blood Tests: Measuring levels of certain substances in the blood can indicate heart damage.

CHF Classification

CHF can be classified into two main types, based on the ejection fraction (EF):

• Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF): EF is less than 40%, indicating weakened heart pumping.
• Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): EF is preserved, but the heart is stiff and has difficulty relaxing.

Prevention

Preventing CHF in the Middle East, and particularly in dynamic cities like Dubai, involves adopting heart-healthy lifestyles:

• Dietary Modifications: Promoting a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and limited salt and sugar.
• Regular Physical Activity: Encouraging individuals to engage in regular exercise to maintain cardiovascular health.
• Smoking Cessation: Supporting smoking cessation programs to reduce heart disease risk.
• Managing Risk Factors: Monitoring and managing conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity.

Treatment

Our approach at the Dubai Internal Medicine Clinic at MMC revolves around personalized care plans tailored to individual needs:

• Medications: Prescribing medications to manage symptoms and improve heart function.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Providing guidance on dietary changes, exercise, and stress management.
• Monitoring: Regular check-ups and monitoring to assess progress and adjust treatment as needed.
• Surgical Interventions: In severe cases, heart surgeries or procedures may be considered.